Clinical and toxicological data in Fenthion and omethoate acute poisoning

Abstract

This study paper reports on two cases of poisoning with the organophosphorus insecticides, fenthion and omethoate. The two victims were admitted in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) a few hours after ingestion of the two insecticides. They received appropriate treatment for organophosphorous poisoning (gastric lavage, activated charcoal, atropine and pralidoxime) and supportive care. Both patients survived. Organophosphate blood levels were determined on admission (fenthion 2.9 (ig/ml, omethoate 1.6 Hg/ml) and during the hospitalisation and proved to be considerably high. Slow elimination rate of the poison already distributed in the body was indicated for both pesticides. The patient with omethoate poisoning remained clinically well (Glasgow Coma Scale : 15) and was discharged three days later. The patient with fenthion poisoning, who had also ingested 30 mg of bromazepam and 720 mg of oxetoron, developed cholinergic crisis six hours after admission and was intubated for 24 days, with concomitant complications.     

共振能量转移同步荧光猝灭法测定水体中孔雀石绿

采用L-半胱氨酸、巯基乙酸为稳定剂水相合成Cd Te量子点,且以Cd Te量子点为能量供体、孔雀石绿为能量受体建立荧光共振能量转移体系,从而实现孔雀石绿含量的同步荧光猝灭法测定。结果表明,当固定波长差为220 nm时,Cd Te量子点的同步荧光最大发射波长位于323 nm。在最优实验条件下,体系的同步荧光淬灭强度与孔雀石绿的浓度在0.5~10.0μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9995,方法的检出限为10 nmol/L。该方法用于实际水样中孔雀石绿含量的测定,加标回收率为94%~105%。     

基于模式生物秀丽隐杆线虫的环境污染物生殖毒性研究进展

由于人类社会的发展,环境污染也越来越严重,研究环境污染物对生态及人类健康的影响极为重要。生殖系统是人和动物繁衍后代的重要系统,常见环境污染物对生殖系统的影响正引起研究人员的广泛关注。秀丽隐杆线虫具有身体透明、品系丰富和遗传背景清楚等优点,为生殖毒理学研究提供了一个便利的平台。以秀丽隐杆线虫为模型已对多种环境污染物的生殖毒性进行了评价。本文重点叙述了重金属、纳米材料、有机物等化学污染,辐射、磁场等物理污染,以及病毒等生物污染对秀丽线虫生殖系统的影响,并归纳讨论了环境污染物造成生殖功能障碍的几种主要机制,如氧化应激、DNA损伤、内质网应激以及神经损伤等,但不同类型污染物的毒性效应与其自身的物化性质紧密相关。环境污染物诱导的生殖毒性中不同响应机制之间的关联性、不同发育阶段的敏感性差异、污染物的传代效应以及有效的缓解方式的筛选等都有待进一步的开展。     

·Cl引发3种环状含有NH结构有机化合物的大气转化机制及动力学

氯自由基(·Cl)的高氧化性及其内陆来源的新发现使得·Cl在评估有机污染物的大气归趋方面起着比以往更为重要的作用。含有NH_x(x=1,2)结构的有机化合物不仅是大气中一类潜在的有机污染物,也是大气中致癌性亚硝胺的前驱体—N中心自由基的重要来源。前人研究发现,·Cl与含有NH_x(x=1,2)结构的有机化合物具有独特的相互作用且其反应具有结构依赖性。目前,大多数研究只关注链状含有NH_x(x=1,2)结构有机化合物的反应,而对于环状含有NH结构有机化合物的反应研究却很少。本研究使用量子化学和动力学模拟相结合的方法研究·Cl引发3种环状含有NH结构有机化合物(吗啉(MOR)、哌啶(PIP)和吡咯烷(PYR))的大气转化机制及动力学。结果发现,·Cl夺取3种环状含有NH结构有机化合物中N—H的H原子形成N中心自由基是最可行的反应路径。在298 K和1 atm下,计算的反应速率常数分别为5.0!10-10(MOR)、5.1!10-10(PIP)和4.9!10-10(PYR) cm~3·molecule-1·s-1,且具有正的温度依附性。结合可获得的·OH引发反应的反应速率常数,评估·Cl对MOR和PIP转化的贡献分别为·OH的2.6%～26%和6.9%～69%。上述研究结果为将来建立·Cl引发含有NH_x(x=1,2)结构有机化合物反应的结构-活性关系、全面评估含有NH_x(x=1,2)结构有机化合物的大气归趋和环境风险提供数据支持。     

基于氮掺杂碳量子点的制备及其对Hg2+的响应

以乙二胺和抗坏血酸为原料,通过一步水热法制备了水溶性的氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs).研究了N-CQDs的形貌特征、光学性能和应用分析.表征结果说明,N-CQDs形态为均匀分散的球形,有明显的晶格条纹,抗光漂白性能良好,表面富有含氧官能团,具有良好的水溶性.此外发现N-CQDs还具有优良的荧光性能和荧光稳定性,量子产率可以高达12.29%.分析得出,Hg²⁺对N-CQDs在1.0—120μmol·L^-1范围内有一定的猝灭效应,可作为Hg²⁺的荧光探针,检出限达230 nmol·L^-1.     

肠道微生物与环境健康关系的研究进展与展望

尽管肠道微生物群落在调节宿主多种生理功能的稳态以及抵抗环境污染物的毒性等方面至关重要,但是其在环境健康上的作用直到近几年才引起关注.本综述主要概述了环境污染物对肠道微生物的作用导致的健康效应的最新研究进展.发展迅速的高通量测序平台与合成生态学方法有助于快速确定肠道微生物组成,结合信息化综合分析方法可进一步探明肠道微生物对污染物的调节机制.本综述进一步重点举例,讨论了重金属、有机污染物、纳米颗粒、微塑料与肠道微生物群落相互作用的机制,及其对宿主健康产生的影响.目前对于肠道微生物群落介导环境污染物诱发环境健康效应的研究还不够成熟,存在诸多需要克服的科学技术难点.综述在最后从研究对象、技术方法和应用方面提出了对未来研究内容的展望.     

模糊综合评价在建筑机械管理中的应用

应用模糊综合评价方法对建筑机械管理进行定量的综合评判,以期能够定量地预警。     

4-Ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol in wines: Estimating non-microbial sourced contributions and toxicological considerations

Analyses of commercially available wines suggested non-Brettanomyces sources of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. Grapes, enological additions, exposure to plastics, and oak-barrel aging were potential inputs considered. Investigations of whole grape bunch samples from two major red wine Vitis vinifera cultivars (L. cv. Cabernet Franc and Pinot Noir), a commercial mannoprotein additive, and three commercial enological tannin additions indicated they are not likely significant sources of these compounds. Studies on 15 commercial oak barrelled red wines from six Vitis vinifera cultivars (L. cv. Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Dunkelfelder, Merlot, Pinot Meunier, and Pinot Noir), and a review of volatile phenol extraction from toasted oak wood, suggested that oak-aging may produce concentrations of up to 50 μg L^?1 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol. Thus, following potential Brettanomyces-sourced aroma impacts in wine using 4-ethylphenol and/or 4-ethylguaiacol concentrations as proxies should only be considered reliable at analyte levels > 100 μg L^?1. A review of worldwide 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol concentrations in wine, consumption patterns, and available toxicological data also suggested that levels of 4-ethylphenol being observed in wines worldwide do not warrant concerns about acute or long-term effects. While little is known about the toxicology of 4-ethylguaiacol, it is unlikely that elevated concentrations will pose any health-related concerns.     

安全与危险纠缠理论创建及其研究

针对安全概念不统一,安全科学与技术发展相对滞后,重特大安全事故频发等问题,通过借鉴量子纠缠理论,提出了安全与危险纠缠理论学说。建立了安全与危险纠缠理论模型,阐述了其纠缠机制,明确了一个系统中的安全与危险在不同时段内存在的方式和状态:通常人们所认知的安全或危险均是系统在过去时段内以“一显一隐”的方式塌缩成确定的状态,而在现在与未来时段,它们分别是以“显性”、“隐性”的方式纠缠为不确定的状态;若该系统的“安全与危险纠缠”状态向安全方向塌缩时,系统则表现为安全,若向危险转化时,则系统表现为事故。同时,分析了“安全与危险纠缠”理论建立的对安全科学及安全生产实际意义与理论价值,及其未来展望和存在问题。     

BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF BLUEGILL ACTIVITY1

ABSTRACT: Bluegills were exposed for one hour to 0.2 or 2.3 mg/liter water soluble fraction (WSF) of JP-4 in a testing chamber designed to contain individual fish. A strain gage paddle was used to monitor activity. Whole body movement of individual fish did not change appreciably during exposure to either 0.2 or 2.3 mg/liter WSF-JP-4. Strength of pectoral fin movement, accounting for the majority of the fish behavior, increased in six of ten individuals exposed to 2.3 mg/liter WSF-JP-4. Pectoral fanning may be a useful parameter to indirectly assess water quality.